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MySQL 5.0 Adds Features for Enterprise
Developers and DBAsby Ken North
Baseball legend Satchel Paige is famous for having said "Don't look back,
something might be gaining on you." Companies selling a commercial SQL
database management system (DBMS) know its MySQL that's gaining on them. With an
already large installed base, MySQL is set to attract new users because of the
feature set of version 5.0. It includes capabilities for
which developers have often turned to commercial SQL products.
The purposes for which we use personal, mobile, workgroup, departmental, enterprise
and web databases are diverse. Application requirements are a primary
determinant of the
capacity and features we need from an SQL DBMS. For example, a high-volume
transaction processing web site places greater demands on a database than a
contact list manager for laptops and small business servers.
A Web Techniques magazine article, "Web Databases: Fun with Guests or Risky
Business?" discussed features that characterize an industrial-grade SQL DBMS. It
explained SQL security and mission-critical databases,
defined as
"A database is mission critical if its lack of data
integrity has serious consequences, such as causing the loss of customers
or even lives."
Maintaining data integrity is implicit -- that's a prime directive for a
DBMS. The article explained other features that enterprise developers look for
in an SQL platform:
... mission-critical applications require features such as
intrinsic security, transaction journaling, concurrency controls and the
ability to enforce data integrity constraints. Without those features, you
do not have secure, robust databases. Connecting a database to a Web
server adds other requirements, such as a multithreaded architecture and
the ability to do database backups without taking the server down.
Freeware and PC DBMSs are suitable for certain classes of applications,
but not for high-volume Web sites and mission-critical databases. In any
case, don't bet your business, or lives, on such software unless you have
the source code and the expertise to understand and repair it.
Since that article appeared in print,
improvements to MySQL have removed the "not ready for prime time"
label. Features described in that article are now available to MySQL
users:
- transactions
- concurrency control, locking, SQL standard isolation levels
- intrinsic security
- integrity constraints
- thread-based memory allocation.
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MySQL uses separate threads to handle TCP/IP and named pipes connections,
authentication, signaling, alarms and replication. The combination of threaded
architecture and MySQL clustering provides powerful parallel processing
capabilities. MySQL can process transactions in parallel with separate
connections on separate processors using separate threads.
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MySQL Milestones
A decade of development has moved MySQL out of the bare-bones DBMS category,
enlarged its user base, and turned MySQL AB into a profitable company. One of
the important milestones was integration of the InnoDB engine with MySQL 4.0.
That upgrade gave MySQL multiple
tablespaces, tables greater than 4GB and support for transaction processing.
Other enhancements included OpenGIS spatial data types and hot backups.
The latter enables a DBA to perform a backup without taking the
DBMS offline. Hot backup software is available as a commercial add-on for databases using
the InnoDB storage engine.
MySQL 5.0, the newest version, is a major milestone. There have
been enhancements to the tool sets, storage engines, types and metadata. MySQL 5.0 includes features enterprise developers have come to expect
from commercial SQL products.
- capacity for very large databases
- stored procedures
- triggers
- named-updateable views
- server-side cursors
- type enhancements
- standards-compliant metadata (INFORMATION_SCHEMA)
- XA-style distributed transactions
- hot backups.
MySQL has a demonstrated capacity for managing very large databases.
Mytrix, Inc. maintains an extensive collection of Internet statistics in a
one terabyte (1 TB) data warehouse that contains 20 billion rows of data.
Sabre Holdings runs the oldest and largest online travel reservation system.
It replicates 10-60 gigabytes per day from its master database to a MySQL
server farm. The MySQL databases are used to support a shopping application
that can accommodate a million fare changes per day.
Stored procedures and triggers are a form of
logic in the database. They enable
developers to partition application logic and use the database as an active
enforcer of data integrity rules. Multiprocessor architectures, server-side
cursors, and stored procedures deliver performance. They've been important
features of commercial SQL servers for more than a decade.
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